Monday, 29 June 2020

5Fossils of stegodon elephant found in Saharanpur’s Shivalik range million-year-old fossil of Stegodon Elephant discovered in Shivalik Range of Saharanpur

5Fossils of stegodon elephant found in Saharanpur’s Shivalik range million-year-old fossil of Stegodon Elephant discovered in Shivalik Range of Saharanpur

A 5 to 8 million years old fossil of a Stegodon Elephant has been discovered by forest officials and wildlife experts from Badshahi Bagh area of Shivalik Range in District Saharanpur.

This discovery has enthused the wildlife experts and lovers and is deemed to be important for the further study of fossils in the country, particularly in the Shivalik region as it is the oldest fossil recovered from here, said Sanjay Kumar, Divisional Commissioner of Saharanpur.

The fossil was found by a team of forest officials and wildlife experts near Badshahi Bagh area of Shivalik Range when they were doing a trap camera survey for counting of wildlife in the region.

The team was led by Chief Conservator of Saharanpur Division VK Jain and included landscape coordinator of World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) India Dr IP Bopanna, senior programme officer Devvrat Panwar and other forest staff.

According to the Chief Conservator, since the past few months, the population census of the wildlife in Shivalik was carried out using trap camera technique. During this exercise when the team was crossing through Badshahi Bagh area they came across a strange object that was collected and taken to the forest office.

Realising that it was a fossil, the specimen was shown to Dr RK Sehgal, a scientist at Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Institute, Dehradun and retired scientist Dr AC Nanda, also from the same institute, said Jain adding that after closely examining the specimen the scientists concluded that it could be 5 to 8 million years old.

Both the scientists have recognition for their work on fossils of elephants from the Shivalik Group. The scientists also compared this fossil specimen with the fossil specimens of Stegodon displayed in the Museum of the Institute and hence it was concluded to be the one of Stegodon Elephant.

Jain informed that the discovered fossil is a moderately preserved third lower molar with nine well-developed ridges on its surface. The length of the molar is nearly 24 cm and enamel of the molar is very thick. The sandstone embedded on the fossil is medium grained, salt and pepper in nature. This type of lithology is characteristic for the Middle Shivalik.

Fossils of Stegodon had also been discovered from other locations of Shivalik groups like Kala Amb; Saketi (HP); Jammu foothills and in the vicinity of Chandigarh. Besides, they also have reported to have an existence in the foothills of Nepal and Pakistan.

Stegodon is a genus of the extinct subfamily Stegodontinae of the order Proboscidea (history of the elephant family is scientifically called Probosidean). It is believed that they existed from 11 million years in the past to as recent as 6000 years in Asia, Africa and North America. There are unconfirmed records that they survived until 4,100 years ago.

Elephants have managed to live successfully on most continents from Southeast Asia to South America and have adapted to different climates and habitats. At present two species, mainly the Asiatic and the African elephants, have successfully survived.

It is said that the direct ancestors of Stegodon lived even before Asian, African elephants and mammoths. However, they had a remarkable feature that their tusk could grow as long as 10 feet and has a great resemblance with the elephants of today.

The presence of the Stegodon shows the existence of dense forests and lots of river channels in the area at that time. Presently also, Shivalik Range is known for the movement of elephants as it is close to the Rajaji National Park which is known for Asiatic elephants.

Saturday, 27 June 2020

How to choose right printer??

How to choose the right printer for your home office?

The need for a home/office printer has increased as more of us are working or schooling from home. You could be a parent who needs to print out workbooks for your child. Or you may find that it’s easier to make notes on a business report using a pen or pencil rather than a keyboard. Or you’ve suddenly discovered that a government office is demanding that you snail mail a form to them. Or your local office supply store, which you normally use for printing out occasional forms, is either still closed or not a comfortable place to visit.

Whatever the reason, if you find yourself in need of a printer, it’s not difficult to find one. Printers have not changed a lot over the past few years; they’ve just become more efficient and less expensive. You still will be choosing between laser and inkjet printers; colour and black-ink-only printers; and print-only and multifunction devices. Because of all these decisions that need to be made, it’s a good idea to figure out what you want before you click “Buy” at your favourite shopping sites how to choose the right printer for your home?

In this article, I won’t be telling you which specific printer to buy. But I will go through some of the choices you are going to be faced with and some of the features that you may want to make sure you’re getting.

So let’s start.

Inkjet vs. laser printers

If you haven’t bought a printer lately — or if you haven’t needed a printer until now — you may want a quick refresher on the difference between inkjet and laser printers. What follows is a vast simplification, but it will give you a general idea of how they work.

Epson Expression Premium ET7750 EcoTankEpson Expression Premium ET7750 EcoTankPhoto: Epson Inkjet

Inkjet printers spray tiny droplets of liquid ink onto a page. There are several types of inkjet delivery systems, but most consumer systems use separate ink cartridges, each fitted with a printhead that separates the ink into the nearly microscopic droplets. (Professional-level inkjets will usually have separate printheads that can be replaced on their own.) Colours are created by combining different coloured inks.

The number of ink cartridges that a colour inkjet printer uses varies. The least expensive printers usually use only two cartridges — one with black ink and one that contains cyan, magenta, and yellow ink. Most lower-to-medium priced inkjet printers offer four separate cartridges — cyan, magenta, yellow, and black ink. More upscale printers will have a different black cartridge for text; printers used by photographers or businesses will have a wider selection of coloured inks.

But even the least expensive inkjets can end up running into serious money. The printer itself may not cost more than $50 or $100, but a single set of cartridges can cost nearly as much. And because most colour inkjets will not run at all if anyone of the cartridges is out of ink (for example, you can’t just print in black if the cyan cartridge runs out), you’ll need to replace any spent cartridges. (We’ll deal more with ink costs later.)

There are a few inkjet printers out there known as supertank printers, which have refillable tanks that offer a lower cost per page than the traditional ink cartridges. They are sold by a few manufacturers such as Brother, Canon, and Epson, and can be a consideration if you plan to do a lot of colour printing.

Brother HLL2370DW-XL laser printerBrother HLL2370DW-XL laser printer photo: Brother Laser

These devices use lasers to create static electricity on a rolling drum inside the printer. The static electricity attracts toner (ink in the form of powder), which is melted onto the paper.

While toner cartridges initially cost more than ink cartridges, they also last far longer than liquid ink; as a result, your cost per page will be less. Laser printers also tend to initially cost more than inkjet printers — but they can save money over the long term.

Laser printers have several other advantages over inkjet printers — unless you need colour. They are faster than inkjets (especially low-end inkjets, which can be very slow), and the quality of their text printing is more precise (although current inkjets are certainly precise enough to suit most documents).

Colour laser printers are also more available than they used to be. However, they are more pricey, and unless they are professional-level printers, the colour will not be as good as an equivalently priced colour inkjet.

So which should I buy?

There are several other factors that you should consider before purchasing a new printer. Here are some questions to ask yourself while deciding what to buy.

What am I using it for?

One way to decide whether to buy a laser or an inkjet printer is to look into what you want to do with it. If a colour is not important to you, then it’s a no-brainer — a laser printer will be more cost-efficient and faster. But if you want to print out your kids’ computer artwork in colour, or print the occasional photograph, then you’re probably in the market for an inkjet.

Canon Pixma MX532 inkjet multifunctionCanon Pixma MX532 inkjet multifunction photo: Canon Multifunction printers

If you see yourself working from home for the foreseeable future — or even if you don’t — you may want to consider a multifunction (also known as an all-in-one or AIO) printer. These devices don’t just print from your computer but allow you to scan existing documents and either copy them or save them as files. (Some also let you fax a scanned document, but since faxing has become much less necessary, this feature is quickly disappearing.) They are very handy for keeping the paperwork around your home to a minimum since you can save PDFs of most of your papers (especially the ones you’ve had sitting around for years) and then dispose of the actual hardcopy.

(Yes, you can use your phone’s camera to scan and upload documents, and if you only occasionally need to scan a document, that could be enough for you. However, the quality of a phone-scanned document doesn’t come up to the quality of a good scanner.)

Most consumer-level multifunctions will let you copy anything up to an 8.5 x 11-inch paper (popularly known as letter-sized), but you can also buy printers that will let you handle an 8.5 x 14-inch (legal size) paper. If you see yourself doing a lot of copying or scanning, you should look for a multifunction with an automatic document feeder (usually referred to as an ADF) that lets you move many pages through the system quickly.

Input and output trays

Most current printers work by pulling the paper in from the front, running it around the drum or roller, and then popping it out to the output tray. However, if you’re printing on heavier stock, you don’t want to bend the paper; in that case, you may want to look for a printer that has an input tray coming from the back of the printer, so that the paper is pushed through on a straight line.

Some printers also allow you to have more than one paper tray in front, letting you choose different coloured paper, for example, or having one tray hold letter-sized paper and the other hold legal-sized.

You also want to know how many sheets of paper your input and output trays are capable of holding. If you plan to, say, print out a 200-page manuscript, you don’t want an output tray that is only capable of handling 50 pages, or you could find 150 of your pages strewn over your floor.

Duplexing

The ability to duplex — to print on both sides of a single page — is more common than it used to be, but not all lower-priced printers include this feature. It’s very useful, especially if you do a lot of printing and want to save on the cost of paper. Of course, most printers let you print on both sides of paper by manually re-feeding the paper into the printer after the first side has been printed — but it can be a real pain in the neck.

Price per page

Without a doubt, the biggest expense for a printer isn’t the printer itself or even the paper — it’s the Ink. There is a way to figure out how much a printer will cost you over the long term: calculate the cost per page by dividing the price of an ink cartridge by the cartridge’s page yield, or the number of pages you’re expected to get out of each cartridge.

You can usually find the page yield among the stats published by a printer manufacturer for that printer. For example, take two multifunction printers from the same manufacturer, one a colour inkjet and one a black-only laser printer.

The biggest expense for a printer isn’t the printer itself or even the paper — it’s the ink

The yield of the HP Envy Photo 7155 All-in-One, which sells for about $180, is about 200 pages for a standard black ink cartridge and about 165 for its standard tri-colour ink cartridge. The black ink cartridge costs about $19 and the tri-colour about $29. So that’s about 10 cents a page for the black ink and about 18 cents for the colour.

A similarly priced black-and-white laser printer, the $169 HP LaserJet Pro MFP M148dw, cites about 1,200 pages for a standard toner cartridge, at a cost of about $47. That comes out to about 4 cents a page.

So assuming that you pump out about 1,200 text-only pages in a year (and excluding the cost of the paper), that means you’ll have paid a total of $47 more for the laser printer and $114 more for the inkjet.

One more thing to throw into the mix: a black ink tank for the Brother LC3033BK, a supertanker printer, costs $33 for a yield of up to 3,000 pages, or about a penny a page. (Because super tanks tend to use a differing number of tanks for colour printing, it’s difficult to figure out an equivalent comparison for colour printing.)

There are, of course, a lot of “ifs” here. For example, when you’re looking at lower-cost printers, some major printer manufacturers don’t publish the page yield. Besides, even when the page yield is available, you have to keep in mind that it is being offered by the manufacturer — so the number of pages you get per cartridge is usually optimistic. Still, this can give you a fair idea of what you’re facing.

Wireless connectivity

When you’re purchasing a printer, make sure that it is capable of wireless connectivity via Bluetooth, NFC, and/or Wi-Fi — and make sure that it is compatible with whatever computer or mobile device you plan to use with it.

If you’ve got a Mac computer, an iPad and/or an iPhone, make sure your printer is compatible with Apple AirPrint.

If you’re using a Chromebook, make sure your printer is Chrome OS compatible by checking the manufacturer site (for example, Epson has a page that lists all its Chrome OS-compatible printers).

Until recently, another alternative was to use Google’s Cloud Print service, which let you easily print from computers and Android phones. Unfortunately, with its usual disregard for well-loved features, Google is going to be shutting down its Cloud Print service as of December 31st, 2020. The company’s rather unsatisfactory advice (“we recommend the respective platform’s native-printing infrastructure or working with a printing partner”) will probably not be much help for those with older printers or phones that depend on Cloud Print. You can check to see if your printer’s manufacturer has a mobile app that will allow printing from devices wirelessly instead of Cloud Print.

Photo printers

Unless you plan to fill up several albums with physical photos, a photo printer is probably not necessary. Some photo printers offer features like the ability to remove red-eye in photos of people, but this same functionality is commonly available in many photo apps (and is probably easier to deal with in software).

There are exceptions. For example, there are small, portable printers such as the HP Sprocket Portable Photo Printer that let you immediately print small (such as 2 x 3 inch) pictures. These are fun for family gatherings and parties. And if you’re a professional — or would-be professional — photographer, you may want to invest in a high-level photo printer. But otherwise, most midlevel colour printers will — if you use good photo paper — do quite an adequate job. If you’re intending on printing a lot of photos, you’ll spend less and get better results from a photo printing service such as Shutterfly, so what you choose?

Wednesday, 24 June 2020

Need a New Passport During pandemic? You'll Have to Wait a While

+Need a New Passport During pandemic? You'll Have to Wait a While


+Need a New Passport? You'll Have to Wait a While

Need a new passport during pandemic? On June 2, the State Department announced that it would begin opening passport offices and resume by-mail renewals.
 In three phases following CDC guidelines (only adults who are renewing their passports have the option to apply by mail; new passport applicants and all children under 16 must go to a passport center in person). Passport agencies and facilities throughout the country—there are more than 7,000—will reopen following their respective state's and city's rules.

Phase 1 allows a limited group of government employees to return to work and begin processing backed-up applications. By Phase 3, the entire staff will have returned. But specific International travel ground almost completely to a halt in March, when Covid-19 forced border closures and a global shutdown of just about every travel-related activity. As summer approaches, however, several countries are taking cautious steps to ease lockdowns and prepare to welcome visitors again.

US department travel advisory
The U.S. State Department's travel advisory is still at a level four (aka "Do Not Travel") but declining infection numbers in many parts of the world have fostered a sense of hope that maybe, just maybe, international travel might start up again soon.

If you have passport?
That is, of course, only if you have an up-to-date passport. U.S. citizens who need to renew their passport, or apply for a new one, can expect delays, according to the State Department. That's because the agency sent most of its employees home as a part of a Covid-related temporary shutdown. Since then, it has provided services only to those in life-or-death situations. (For obvious security reasons, State Department employees can't process passport applications from home.)
IF you sended application before 19th march
Anyone who sent in an application right before March 19, or anytime thereafter, should expect significant delays—up to several months or more—in having their passports issued. Under normal circumstances, routine applications take six to eight weeks to process while expedited service takes three to four weeks. At this time, it's not even possible to check on the status of a passport renewal.


Processing time will be the same regardless if you renew your passport by mail or in person. If you qualify for a by-mail application, it's recommended you choose that option in order to reduce contact with others. Passport requests will be completed in the order that they were received.

A word of advice: If your passport is about to expire, prepare and submit the paperwork now rather than wait until travel bans are lifted, at which point there will surely be a deluge of travelers eager to get their passport up-to-date.

For more information, go to travel.state.gov


Monday, 22 June 2020

Atmanirbhar’ India must be competitive


‘Atmanirbhar’ India must be competitive

 the government intends ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat 2020’ to help avoid such outcomes.


Current situation 

 Current Situation India fell behind the curve on quality, technology and productivity. While it resulted in a diversified economic base and the capacity to produce and deliver a wide variety of products and services. India is now dependent on other countries for fossil fuels, high-end capital equipment and raw materials like precious metals and rare piles of earth

Clearly, the government intends ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat 2020’ to help avoid such outcomes.


 What can be done to avoid the pitfalls of the past? We will have to use domestic raw materials like coal productively. Only high levels of value addition will allow the generation of surpluses that will allow us to create wealth for our people.

Economists attribute these shortcomings to the then industrial and trade policies, particularly industrial licensing, physical barriers to import of goods, high tariffs, and an over-reliance on planning rather than letting markets work.


Before we answer this question, it’s good to keep a few things in mind:

Considering their demographics, most developed nations lack the workforce to produce all that they need inside their own countries. Since immigration is a more contentious issue than trade, globalisation will continue, though perhaps with more restrictions.

multinational Indian companies are more alive to concentration risk than before. So, the trend towards moving to source away from China will continue. But we need to be competitive to benefit from this shift. We will have to use domestic raw materials like coal productively. Only high levels of value addition will allow the generation of surpluses that will allow us to create wealth for our people. In short, it is vital that we are atmanirbhar and competitive at the same time.


There are 10 important dimensions the government should emphasise to make atmanirbharta and competitiveness go together:


Identify New Needs

 While firms should be able to identify new needs on their own, information asymmetry with respect to Central and State governments can prevent firms from understanding needs early enough to develop local products to meet them. This is particularly important in sectors like defence, healthcare and agriculture. Recent initiatives like the National Biomedical Research Indigenisation Consortium are examples of how proactive identification of needs can help build local capacity and need to be replicated across other sectors.


Policies should enhance domestic competition and eschew crony capitalism.

 In general, competition enhances innovation and efficiency. While the government will need to support the creation of domestic capabilities, this should ideally be done at the pre-competitive stage or on a competitive basis. As we have seen before, crony capitalism weakens rather than strengthens local competitiveness and often diverts resources away from more efficient and technologically innovative companies.


Support control of critical value chains.

 India cannot and probably should not think it can make everything it needs locally. While globalisation is likely to continue with more constraints, there is a need to ensure greater control over certain parts of the global value chain to protect strategic interests, especially in healthcare, agriculture and defence. One such analysis in the case of generic drugs and APIs has resulted in a policy to move towards production of 57 APIs in India. Similar initiatives are needed in other domains.


Make subsidies and incentives performance-dependent. 

The government has already shown an inclination to do this – eg companies manufacturing critical APIs for drugs will be given subsidies based on the quantum of their production in India. However, care needs to be taken that the right performance metrics are adopted — these should be aligned with efficiency, productivity, and indigenous technological development that benchmarks well with the best in the world, and not just volumes or revenues.


Careful calibration of standards is imperative.

 India needs to set high standards to ensure quality, safety and public health. At the same time, over-specifying standards should be avoided as this results in perpetuating import monopolies. Some years ago, for example, an automated teller machine made by an Indian company that was cost-effective and specially designed for Indian conditions could not be sold to Indian banks, because it did not meet some esoteric specifications which were not essential but a differentiator for the existing foreign suppliers.


Improve the quality of regulation.

 During the COVID crisis, it has been the ICMR and not the CDSCO which has been spearheading the testing and certification of new testing devices and methods. There is a need to boost the technical capabilities of organisations like the CDSCO to remove impediments to the local impediments to the local production of high-quality drugs and medical devices.

Strengthen public procurement. 

Some steps like compulsory e-tendering and the creation of the Government Electronic Marketplace have already created a more level playing field for suppliers. These processes should be strengthened further by quickening the cycle time for completion of the “quote to cash” cycle of public procurement.

Use grand challenges more effectively. 

In recent years, the government has started using grand challenges and hackathons to solve important problems, motivate domestic innovators and build local capabilities. Global research shows that grand challenges are more effective when the problem is well-defined, there are clear metrics for evaluation, and the challenge is well-designed to ensure confidentiality of data and protection of intellectual property. These principles need to be incorporated into the Indian grand challenges.

Be mindful of trade restrictions. 

In recent times, even before COVID, the government has shown a propensity to ban imports and exports at short notice and change import duties (usually upwards). The effective rate of protection has been steadily increasing. Since such changes sometimes prevent companies from fulfilling commercial contracts and also enhance protectionism, they need to be made with care. There is a need for a mechanism to review these decisions periodically (say, once in six months) to check if duties can be revised downwards.

Saturday, 20 June 2020

Angry Indians Want to Boycott All Chinese Products. Here’s Why They Probably Can’t But Needs to Do.

                     Boycott All Chinese Products.

Angry Indians Want to Boycott All Chinese Products. Here’s Why They Probably Can’t But Needs to Do.

This article originally appeared on VICE India.

Current Situation

 Current Situation is Following a face-off in the Galway Valley region between India and China that killed 20 Indian soldiers, there has been a surge in emotionally-charged demands in India for a total boycott of Chinese products.

A video of angry Indians throwing a television they believe was made in China from a balcony before smashing it to smithereens is going viral.

Members of the Resident Welfare Association (RWA) in Delhi’s affluent Defence Colony locality, flouted social distancing norms to burn effigies of the Chinese premier Xi Jinping, as they declared “war against China.”

#BoycottChina, Winnie The Pooh

The hashtag #BoycottChina has been trending on Twitter, with some Indians even making Winnie The Pooh trend to taunt China, which banned the cartoon for allegedly resembling the Chinese president. 

Ramdas Athawale said

Ramdas Athawale, a minister in the Government of India who coined the chant “Go Corona Go” at a protest against the novel coronavirus, said that Chinese restaurants should be banned in India. These restaurants are usually Indian-owned.

However, India’s extensive - and unequal - trade relationship with China means such a boycott may be too simplistic to implement.

Chinese Contributions to Indian markets 

India imports about seven times more from China than they export to it, with an estimated $70.3 billion going towards imports and $16.7 billion for exports in 2018-19. Between 2017 to 2018, almost 60 per cent of India’s requirements for electronic equipment was provided by China. Thirty per cent of India’s automobile parts come from China.

while Chinese-made toys account for 90 per cent of the country’s toy market. Chinese companies have invested big in hundreds of Indian startups.

Four Chinese brands, namely Xiaomi, Vivo, Realme and Oppo, are the top five best selling mobile phones in India and dominate over 60% of the smartphone market in India. China’s Alibaba owns a majority stake of India’s largest digital payment app Paytm. It has also invested in e-commerce companies including Snapdeal and food delivery app Zomato.

Tencent holdings have nearly 10 per cent of the stake in India’s cab operation service Ola, along with equity investments in e-commerce website Flipkart, online education service Byju’s, medical directory Practo, food delivery app Swiggy and music streaming service Gaana. Perhaps the most urgent requirement of Chinese products comes as India combats its rising peak of coronavirus cases. India’s drug manufacturers rely on China to provide 70 per cent of the raw materials. This includes drugs like dexamethasone, that have proven to be effective against COVID-19.

“It speaks poorly of our own planning that we allowed China to take over the technology sector,” (my opinion)

News channels debates

While some news channels in India were holding debates pushing for a ban on Chinese-manufactured products, banners on-screen announced that these debates were sponsored by Chinese phone companies. Jabin T Jacob, an international relations and governance studies professor at India’s Shiv Nadar University, who has extensively researched India’s China-oriented policies, told VICE News.

“A boycott is an emotional cause that only works if we have alternatives in place, and the fact of the matter is that India has a deficit because it doesn’t produce the kind of goods it needs,” 

The Global Times

The Global Times

The Global Times, a daily tabloid newspaper controlled by China’s Communist Party, took cognisance of India’s right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) affiliate organisation Swadeshi Jagran Manch’s call for a boycott. In response, it said “While assessing the new tensions at the border, India should understand that China's restraint is not weak. The two nations should cherish their precious development opportunities and maintain good bilateral ties.” The article also hinted that it would be “extremely dangerous” and lead to escalating tensions if India allowed anti-China groups to stoke public opinion. 

Scholar Belives

 The scholar believes that the Indian government made a misstep by allowing Chinese companies to buy shares in public sector companies that they strategically use to their advantage, such as the ONGC oil drill in the South China sea.

Economist At Sorbonne University

A study of conflicts in the 1990s by economists at Sorbonne University in 2008 concluded that while a liberal approach to trade doesn’t automatically prevent war, the risk of conflict increases when countries grow less economically dependent on each other.

However, Some Economist Argues. “It’s a historical fallacy that better economic relations create better political nations. This only happens in the case of like-minded democracies, but not when core ideologies are so different. explains that while the initial years of the India-China relationship were beneficial for expansion because we were making a surplus, we have now fallen into a deficit.


Indian Government Actions on ChinaGovernment Of INdia

In April, the Indian government tightened foreign direct investment (FDI) policy for countries it shares a border with, which was seen as a move to rein in China.

Soon after the Galwan valley face-off, India’s Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has moved to ensure that the state-run network service Bharat Sanchar Nigam (BSNL) will upgrade its network without involving any Chinese telecom companies.

It has also terminated an INR 5 billion contract with the China Railway Signal and Communication (CRSC) Corporation to set up signalling systems for over 400 km of railway lines in India.

Indian intelligence agencies, backed by the National Security Council Secretariat, also recommended a list of 52 Chinese apps to block or ban in India.

However, It should be a real impact on the sale of Chinese-manufactured mobile phones/Apps. Chinese car firm Great Wall Motors signed a memorandum of understanding with India’s Maharashtra government to set up a production facility in the state on the same day the news of the fatal clashes broke in India.

Chinese Government

“China had actively blocked India from entering sectors like pharmaceuticals until they wanted to reduce their own public health insurance costs,” Jacob points out. He adds that India too should have leveraged the relationship to its advantage and not allowed China to gain power in key sectors. “But I don’t believe that economic cooperation should be held hostage for better political relations.”

My opinion(We need to Show our unity/Unity of democracy/Unity Of INDIA and stop the buying of Chinese products and Make the new Bharat/ Aatma Nirbhar  Bharat/ Support make in India



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